עֲבַד
a.vad (H5650)
servant/slave
AI Word Study
# עֲבַד (avad): Servant or Slave in Biblical Hebrew The Hebrew word עֲבַד (avad) appears 801 times throughout the Bible, making it one of the most frequently used terms for describing a person in a subordinate position. The lexicon classifies it with the basic definition of "servant" or "slave," encompassing individuals who performed labor or service under the authority of another person. This high frequency of occurrence indicates that the concept of servitude—whether temporary, permanent, voluntary, or coerced—was central to the social and economic structures depicted in biblical narratives. The dual translation "servant/slave" suggests the word could denote a range of statuses rather than a single fixed condition. A person designated as עֲבַד might occupy various positions within ancient Near Eastern society, from household workers to those bound by debt or conquest, reflecting the flexibility and context-dependent nature of labor relationships in that era. The term's prominence in biblical texts suggests it was used to describe both everyday social roles and theological relationships, though the lexicon data provided does not specify these particular contexts of usage.
AI synthesis uses only provided lexicon data -- never training knowledge.
He said, “Canaan is cursed. He will be a servant of servants to his brothers.”
He said, “Blessed be Yahweh, the God of Shem. Let Canaan be his servant.
May God enlarge Japheth. Let him dwell in the tents of Shem. Let Canaan be his servant.”
He dealt well with Abram for her sake. He had sheep, cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels.
He divided himself against them by night, he and his servants, and struck them, and pursued them to Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus.
and said, “My lord, if now I have found favor in your sight, please don’t go away from your servant.
I will get a piece of bread so you can refresh your heart. After that you may go your way, now that you have come to your servant.” They said, “Very well, do as you have said.”
and he said, “See now, my lords, please come into your servant’s house, stay all night, wash your feet, and you can rise up early, and go on your way.” They said, “No, but we will stay in the street all night.”
See now, your servant has found favor in your sight, and you have magnified your loving kindness, which you have shown to me in saving my life. I can’t escape to the mountain, lest evil overtake me, and I die.
Abimelech rose early in the morning, and called all his servants, and told all these things in their ear. The men were very scared.
Abimelech took sheep and cattle, male servants and female servants, and gave them to Abraham, and restored Sarah, his wife, to him.
Abraham complained to Abimelech because of a water well, which Abimelech’s servants had violently taken away.
Abraham said to his servant, the elder of his house, who ruled over all that he had, “Please put your hand under my thigh.
The servant said to him, “What if the woman isn’t willing to follow me to this land? Must I bring your son again to the land you came from?”
The servant put his hand under the thigh of Abraham his master, and swore to him concerning this matter.
The servant took ten of his master’s camels, and departed, having a variety of good things of his master’s with him. He arose, and went to Mesopotamia, to the city of Nahor.
Let it happen, that the young lady to whom I will say, ‘Please let down your pitcher, that I may drink,’ then she says, ‘Drink, and I will also give your camels a drink,’—let her be the one you have appointed for your servant Isaac. By this I will know that you have shown kindness to my master.”
The servant ran to meet her, and said, “Please give me a drink, a little water from your pitcher.”
He said, “I am Abraham’s servant.
Yahweh has blessed my master greatly. He has become great. Yahweh has given him flocks and herds, silver and gold, male servants and female servants, and camels and donkeys.
When Abraham’s servant heard their words, he bowed himself down to the earth to Yahweh.
The servant brought out jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and clothing, and gave them to Rebekah. He also gave precious things to her brother and her mother.
They sent away Rebekah, their sister, with her nurse, Abraham’s servant, and his men.
Rebekah arose with her ladies. They rode on the camels, and followed the man. The servant took Rebekah, and went his way.
She said to the servant, “Who is the man who is walking in the field to meet us?” The servant said, “It is my master.” She took her veil, and covered herself.
The servant told Isaac all the things that he had done.
Now all the wells which his father’s servants had dug in the days of Abraham his father, the Philistines had stopped, and filled with earth.
Isaac’s servants dug in the valley, and found there a well of springing water.
Yahweh appeared to him the same night, and said, “I am the God of Abraham your father. Don’t be afraid, for I am with you, and will bless you, and multiply your offspring for my servant Abraham’s sake.”
He built an altar there, and called on Yahweh’s name, and pitched his tent there. There Isaac’s servants dug a well.
The same day, Isaac’s servants came, and told him concerning the well which they had dug, and said to him, “We have found water.”
Isaac answered Esau, “Behold, I have made him your lord, and all his brothers I have given to him for servants. I have sustained him with grain and new wine. What then will I do for you, my son?”
The man increased exceedingly, and had large flocks, female servants and male servants, and camels and donkeys.
He commanded them, saying, “This is what you shall tell my lord, Esau: ‘This is what your servant, Jacob, says. I have lived as a foreigner with Laban, and stayed until now.
I have cattle, donkeys, flocks, male servants, and female servants. I have sent to tell my lord, that I may find favor in your sight.’ ”
I am not worthy of the least of all the loving kindnesses, and of all the truth, which you have shown to your servant; for with just my staff I crossed over this Jordan; and now I have become two companies.
He delivered them into the hands of his servants, every herd by itself, and said to his servants, “Pass over before me, and put a space between herd and herd.”
Then you shall say, ‘They are your servant, Jacob’s. It is a present sent to my lord, Esau. Behold, he also is behind us.’ ”
You shall say, ‘Not only that, but behold, your servant, Jacob, is behind us.’ ” For, he said, “I will appease him with the present that goes before me, and afterward I will see his face. Perhaps he will accept me.”
He lifted up his eyes, and saw the women and the children; and said, “Who are these with you?” He said, “The children whom God has graciously given your servant.”
Please let my lord pass over before his servant, and I will lead on gently, according to the pace of the livestock that are before me and according to the pace of the children, until I come to my lord to Seir.”
She spoke to him according to these words, saying, “The Hebrew servant, whom you have brought to us, came in to me to mock me,
When his master heard the words of his wife, which she spoke to him, saying, “This is what your servant did to me,” his wrath was kindled.
On the third day, which was Pharaoh’s birthday, he made a feast for all his servants, and he lifted up the head of the chief cup bearer and the head of the chief baker among his servants.
Pharaoh was angry with his servants, and put me in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, with the chief baker.
There was with us there a young man, a Hebrew, servant to the captain of the guard, and we told him, and he interpreted to us our dreams. He interpreted to each man according to his dream.
The thing was good in the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of all his servants.
Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can we find such a one as this, a man in whom is the Spirit of God?”
They said to him, “No, my lord, but your servants have come to buy food.
We are all one man’s sons; we are honest men. Your servants are not spies.”
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